# Programmable Push Notifications

## Sending push notifications

In order to send a push notification, you must have an active Push Notifications channel installed in your workspace with valid credentials for the gateway(s) you intend to use (Firebase Cloud Messaging for Android, APNs for iOS, or VAPID for Web Push). Send a push by performing an HTTP request to the channel's messages endpoint with a valid access key.

### Send a message

## Send a message

> Send a message to a channel

```json
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purchased.","format":"int32","type":"integer"}},"required":["externalProductId","quantity","price"],"title":"Message Order Product","type":"object"},"semantic.money":{"properties":{"amount":{"format":"int64","type":"integer"},"currencyCode":{"type":"string"},"exponent":{"format":"int32","type":"integer"}},"required":["amount","exponent","currencyCode"],"type":"object"},"channels.messages.metadata.push_notifications":{"properties":{"gatewayTypeOverride":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.push_notification_gateway"}},"title":"Message Push Notifications Meta","type":"object"},"channels.participants.push_notification_gateway":{"enum":["firebase","apns","web"],"type":"string"},"channels.messages.referral":{"properties":{"group":{"type":"string"},"metadata":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.messages.metadata.referral"},"source":{"type":"string"},"text":{"type":"string"},"title":{"type":"string"}},"required":["source"],"title":"Message Referral","type":"object"},"channels.messages.metadata.referral":{"properties":{"caption":{"type":"string"},"mediaType":{"type":"string"},"mediaUrl":{"type":"string"},"sourceId":{"type":"string"},"sourceUrl":{"type":"string"},"timestamp":{"format":"date-time","type":"string"},"trackingId":{"type":"string"},"username":{"type":"string"}},"required":["sourceId"],"title":"Message Referral Metadata","type":"object"},"channels.messages.metadata.referred_product":{"description":"Referred product in an incoming message (e.g. a product shared in a WhatsApp catalog message).","properties":{"externalCatalogId":{"description":"The platform-specific catalog ID of the product.","type":"string"},"externalProductId":{"description":"The platform-specific product ID.","type":"string"}},"required":["externalProductId"],"title":"Referred Product","type":"object"},"channels.messages.skip_reason":{"enum":["campaignHoldout","globalHoldout","journeyHoldout"],"title":"Skip 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If the resulting text is fully GSM-7 compatible, fewer message segments may be required. The original message body is preserved; transliteration is only applied when sending.","type":"boolean"},"smpp":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.metadata.sms_smpp"},"validity":{"format":"date-time","type":"string"}},"type":"object"},"channels.sms.registered_delivery":{"enum":["final","intermediate","all","noDlr"],"type":"string"},"channels.metadata.sms_smpp":{"properties":{"segments":{"items":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.metadata.sms_segment"},"type":"array"},"userId":{"format":"uuid","type":"string"}},"required":["userId"],"type":"object"},"channels.metadata.sms_segment":{"properties":{"id":{"format":"uuid","type":"string"},"registeredDelivery":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.sms.registered_delivery"}},"required":["id","registeredDelivery"],"type":"object"},"channels.messages.part":{"properties":{"id":{"format":"uuid","type":"string"},"order":{"format":"int32","type":"integer"},"platformReferenceId":{"type":"string"},"platformStatusAt":{"format":"date-time","type":"string"},"rawBody":{"type":"string"},"reason":{"type":"string"},"status":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.messages.status"},"statusAt":{"format":"date-time","type":"string"}},"type":"object"},"channels.messages.status":{"enum":["accepted","processing","sent","sending_failed","delivered","delivery_failed","deleted","scheduled","skipped","rejected"],"type":"string"},"channels.messages.previous_message":{"properties":{"id":{"format":"uuid","type":"string"},"useCaseType":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.use_case_type"}},"required":["id","useCaseType"],"type":"object"},"channels.use_case_type":{"enum":["unspecified","marketing","otp","transactional","conversation","test"],"type":"string"},"channels.participants.receiver":{"properties":{"connector":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.connector"},"contacts":{"items":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.contact"},"type":"array"},"device":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.device"},"inbox":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.inbox"},"userContacts":{"items":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.user_contact"},"type":"array"}},"type":"object"},"channels.participants.connector":{"properties":{"annotations":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.contact_annotation"},"id":{"format":"uuid","type":"string"},"identifierValue":{"description":"The identifier value of the sender or receiver connector (e.g. email address or phone number).","type":"string"},"types":{"items":{"type":"string"},"type":"array"}},"required":["id"],"type":"object"},"channels.participants.contact_annotation":{"description":"Annotations add extra information to a sender or receiver. For email messages, the name annotation overrides the display name.","properties":{"name":{"type":"string"}},"type":"object"},"channels.participants.contact":{"properties":{"contactAnnotation":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.contact_annotation"},"countryCode":{"type":"string"},"id":{"description":"The ID of the contact.","format":"uuid","type":"string"},"identifierKey":{"description":"The identifier key for finding the contact (e.g. emailaddress, phonenumber). For WhatsApp channels with BSUID support, use `whatsappbsuid` to send to a contact by their Business-Scoped User ID.","type":"string"},"identifierValue":{"description":"The identifier value for finding the contact.","type":"string"},"identifiers":{"description":"Additional identifiers to augment the contact during resolution.","items":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.identifier"},"type":"array"},"platformAddress":{"description":"The resolved platform address used to deliver the message (e.g. phone number or email address).","type":"string"},"platformAddressSelector":{"description":"An expression that defines how we resolve the platform address from a contact. Optional override for the default resolution logic.","type":"string"},"receiverExpression":{"type":"string"},"receiverValue":{"type":"string"},"type":{"description":"The type of the receiver (e.g. to, cc, bcc for email).","type":"string"}},"type":"object"},"channels.participants.identifier":{"properties":{"identifierKey":{"description":"The identifier key for finding the contact (e.g. emailaddress, phonenumber).","type":"string"},"identifierValue":{"description":"The identifier value for finding the contact.","type":"string"}},"required":["identifierKey","identifierValue"],"type":"object"},"channels.participants.device":{"properties":{"gateway":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.push_notification_gateway"},"id":{"format":"uuid","type":"string"},"identifierValue":{"type":"string"}},"required":["id","identifierValue","gateway"],"type":"object"},"channels.participants.inbox":{"properties":{"emailRecipientType":{"type":"string"},"id":{"format":"uuid","type":"string"},"identifierKey":{"type":"string"},"identifierValue":{"type":"string"},"type":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.inbox_type"}},"required":["id","type","identifierKey","identifierValue"],"type":"object"},"channels.inbox_type":{"enum":["user","group"],"type":"string"},"channels.participants.user_contact":{"properties":{"id":{"format":"uuid","type":"string"},"identifierKey":{"type":"string"},"identifierValue":{"type":"string"},"type":{"type":"string"}},"required":["id","identifierKey","identifierValue"],"type":"object"},"channels.messages.reply_to":{"properties":{"id":{"description":"The ID of the message that is being replied to.","format":"uuid","type":"string"},"order":{"description":"The order of the message part in the conversation.","format":"int32","type":"integer"},"platformReference":{"type":"string"},"type":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.messages.reply_to_type"}},"type":"object"},"channels.messages.reply_to_type":{"enum":["message","click"],"type":"string"},"channels.messages.schedule":{"properties":{"reason":{"type":"string"},"scheduledAt":{"format":"date-time","type":"string"}},"required":["scheduledAt","reason"],"type":"object"},"channels.participants.sender":{"properties":{"connector":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.connector"},"contact":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.contact"},"inbox":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.inbox"},"userContact":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.participants.user_contact"}},"type":"object"},"channels.messages.message_short_links":{"properties":{"domain":{"description":"The domain to use when shortening links. When set to `default`, uses the default link shortening domain for the workspace.","type":"string"}},"required":["domain"],"type":"object"},"channels.messages.template":{"properties":{"attachments":{"items":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.messages.template_attachment"},"type":"array"},"deployment":{"additionalProperties":{"type":"string"},"type":"object"},"locale":{"type":"string"},"name":{"description":"The platform name of the template.","type":"string"},"parameters":{"items":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.messages.template_parameter"},"type":"array"},"projectId":{"description":"The ID of the project from Studio.","format":"uuid","type":"string"},"settings":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.messages.template_settings"},"shortLinks":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.messages.short_links"},"templateBody":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.messages.body.body"},"utmParameters":{"items":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.messages.utm_parameter"},"type":"array"},"variables":{"additionalProperties":{"type":"string"},"type":"object"},"version":{"description":"The version of the template.","type":"string"}},"required":["projectId","version","locale"],"type":"object"},"channels.messages.template_attachment":{"properties":{"content":{"type":"string"},"contentType":{"type":"string"},"filename":{"type":"string"},"inline":{"type":"boolean"},"mediaUrl":{"type":"string"}},"required":["mediaUrl","filename","inline"],"type":"object"},"channels.messages.template_parameter":{"properties":{"key":{"type":"string"},"sourceUrl":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.messages.source_url"},"type":{"$ref":"#/components/schemas/channels.messages.template_parameter_type"},"value":{"nullable":true,"oneOf":[{"type":"object"},{"items":{},"type":"array"},{"type":"string"},{"type":"number"},{"type":"boolean"}]}},"required":["type","key","value"],"type":"object"},"channels.messages.source_url":{"properties":{"fullyReplaced":{"type":"boolean"},"value":{"type":"string"}},"required":["value","fullyReplaced"],"type":"object"},"channels.messages.template_parameter_type":{"enum":["string","timeslotList","productSections","productList","number","boolean","sectionList","shippingMethodList","lineItemList","whatsappProductSections","whatsappProductItems","shortLink","object","carouselCards","appleFormPageItems"],"type":"string"},"channels.messages.template_settings":{"properties":{"disallowMmLite":{"type":"boolean"}},"type":"object"},"channels.messages.short_links":{"properties":{"domain":{"description":"The domain to use when shortening links. 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```

***

### Receiver identifier

Push notifications use a **channel-scoped identifier key** and a **gateway-prefixed identifier value**. This differs from SMS/WhatsApp where the identifier key is `phonenumber` and the value is a raw E.164 number.

* `identifierKey` must be `push-{channelId}` — the literal string `push-` followed by the UUID of the push channel you are sending through. This is the same channel UUID that appears in the request URL.
* `identifierValue` must be `{gateway}:{deviceToken}` where `{gateway}` is one of:
  * `firebase` — for Android devices registered with Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM v1)
  * `apns` — for iOS devices registered with Apple Push Notification service
  * `web` — for browsers registered with the Web Push protocol via VAPID

A bare device token without the gateway prefix is rejected.

**Example receiver block:**

```json
{
  "receiver": {
    "contacts": [
      {
        "identifierKey":   "push-a1b2c3d4-e5f6-7890-abcd-ef1234567890",
        "identifierValue": "firebase:fK3xLp9aQ8m...:APA91bF..."
      }
    ]
  }
}
```

{% hint style="info" %}
Note: FCM tokens contain `:` characters internally — only the **first** colon (separating the gateway from the token) is parsed by Bird. The rest of the value is treated as one opaque token string.
{% endhint %}

***

### Push notification body

Push messages use `body.type: "list"` with `title` and `text` fields. The `text` body type used by SMS, WhatsApp, and email is not supported by the push platform.

| Field             | Description                                                                        |
| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `body.type`       | Must be `"list"`.                                                                  |
| `body.list.title` | The notification title that appears in bold at the top of the system notification. |
| `body.list.text`  | The notification body text below the title.                                        |

**Example**:

```json
{
  "body": {
    "type": "list",
    "list": {
      "title": "New message",
      "text":  "Hello from your app"
    }
  }
}
```

### Full request examples

#### Send to an Android device (Firebase)

```json
{
  "receiver": {
    "contacts": [
      {
        "identifierKey":   "push-{channelId}",
        "identifierValue": "firebase:{fcm_device_token}"
      }
    ]
  },
  "body": {
    "type": "list",
    "list": {
      "title": "New message",
      "text":  "Hello from your app"
    }
  }
}
```

#### Send to an iOS device (APNs)

```json
{
  "receiver": {
    "contacts": [
      {
        "identifierKey":   "push-{channelId}",
        "identifierValue": "apns:{apns_device_token}"
      }
    ]
  },
  "body": {
    "type": "list",
    "list": {
      "title": "New message",
      "text":  "Hello from your app"
    }
  }
}
```

#### Send to a browser (Web Push)

```json
{
  "receiver": {
    "contacts": [
      {
        "identifierKey":   "push-{channelId}",
        "identifierValue": "web:{web_push_subscription_token}"
      }
    ]
  },
  "body": {
    "type": "list",
    "list": {
      "title": "New message",
      "text":  "Hello from your app"
    }
  }
}
```

***

### Troubleshooting

If a send fails, the `failure.reason` field on the message contains the underlying error. Fetch the message via `GET /workspaces/{workspaceId}/channels/{channelId}/messages/{messageId}` and check that field.

The three most common failure modes are payload-shape mismatches. Match the symptom to the fix:

| `failure.reason` contains                                                                                                               | Fix                                                                                                                        |
| --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `invalid identifier value format, missing gateway type prefix`                                                                          | The `identifierValue` is missing the gateway prefix. Prepend `firebase:`, `apns:`, or `web:` to the device token.          |
| `PlatformAddress does not match any selector` *(visible in worker logs)* / message stuck in `sending_failed` with no token-shaped value | The `identifierKey` is wrong. It must be `push-{channelId}`, not `pushtoken`, `user_id`, `emailaddress`, etc.              |
| `message body is empty`                                                                                                                 | The `body.type` is something other than `list` (most commonly `text`). Switch to `list` with `list.title` and `list.text`. |

Other failures (expired device tokens, FCM/APNs auth errors, throttling) are surfaced from the gateway response and should be self-explanatory.


---

# Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation

If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter:

```
GET https://docs.bird.com/api/channels-api/supported-channels/programmable-push-notifications.md?ask=<question>
```

The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.