SMS Country Information Guide: Caribbean
Anguilla
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Anguilla Phone Number: Yes
Anguilla Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Antigua and Barbuda
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Antigua and Barbuda Phone Number: Yes
Antigua and Barbuda Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Dynamic sender IDs fully supported
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Aruba
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Aruba Phone Number: Yes
Aruba Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Dynamic sender IDs fully supported
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Bahamas
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Long Code (Phone Number)
Promotional SMS: Long Code (Phone Number)
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Bahamas Phone Number: Yes
Bahamas Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Dynamic sender IDs supported for all networks
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Barbados
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Barbados Phone Number: Yes
Barbados Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Two-way SMS not available; dynamic sender IDs supported
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Bermuda
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Bermuda Phone Number: Yes
Bermuda Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
British Virgin Islands
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Long Code (Phone Number)
Promotional SMS: Long Code (Phone Number)
Two-Way Conversations: SMS with a two-way long number
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): No
British Virgin Islands Phone Number: No
British Virgin Islands Short Code: No
International Phone Number: No
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Dynamic Virtual Long Numbers supported for all networks
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Cayman Islands
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Cayman Islands Phone Number: Yes
Cayman Islands Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Two-way SMS not available; dynamic sender IDs supported for all networks
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Cuba
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): No
Cuba Phone Number: Yes
Cuba Short Code: No
International Phone Number: No
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Content Restrictions: Gambling, political and adult content is forbidden
Additional Notes: Two-way SMS not available
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Curaçao
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Curaçao Phone Number: No
Curaçao Short Code: No
International Phone Number: No
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Financial organizations: Letter of Authorization (LOA) required for financial content to ensure delivery
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Dominica
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Dominica Phone Number: Yes
Dominica Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Dominican Republic
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: SMS with a two-way short code
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): No
Dominican Republic Phone Number: Yes
Dominican Republic Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: No
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Content Restrictions: Gambling, political and adult content are restricted
Additional Notes: Some messages from alphanumeric and long code senders may be changed to random short codes by local operators
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
French Antilles
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
French Antilles Phone Number: Yes
French Antilles Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Dynamic sender IDs fully supported
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
French Guiana
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
French Guiana Phone Number: Yes
French Guiana Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: Yes (Monday-Sunday 22:00-08:00, during French Guiana bank holidays)
Additional Notes: Dynamic sender IDs fully supported; messages sent during quiet hours will be queued and delivered during open hours
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Grenada
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Grenada Phone Number: Yes
Grenada Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Guadeloupe
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Guadeloupe Phone Number: No
Guadeloupe Short Code: No
International Phone Number: No
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Financial organizations: Letter of Authorization (LOA) required for financial content to ensure delivery
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Haiti
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: SMS with a two-way long number
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Haiti Phone Number: Yes
Haiti Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Jamaica
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Jamaica Phone Number: Yes
Jamaica Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Martinique
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Martinique Phone Number: Yes
Martinique Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Two-way SMS not available; dynamic sender IDs fully supported
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Montserrat
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Montserrat Phone Number: Yes
Montserrat Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Netherlands Antilles (dissolved)
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: SMS with a two-way long number
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Netherlands Antilles Phone Number: Yes
Netherlands Antilles Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Puerto Rico
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Long Code (Phone Number)
Promotional SMS: Long Code (Phone Number)
Two-Way Conversations: SMS with a two-way long number
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): No
Puerto Rico Phone Number: No
Puerto Rico Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: No
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
US 10DLC (US 10-digit long code): Yes
US Toll Free Numbers: Yes
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes:
VLN/10DLC registration required
Forbidden content: Gambling, cannabis, alcohol, tobacco, firearms, adult content, phishing, fraud or scams, deceptive marketing
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
St. Kitts and Nevis
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
St. Kitts and Nevis Phone Number: Yes
St. Kitts and Nevis Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
St. Lucia
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
St. Lucia Phone Number: Yes
St. Lucia Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Dynamic sender IDs fully supported
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
St. Pierre and Miquelon
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
St. Pierre and Miquelon Phone Number: Yes
St. Pierre and Miquelon Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
St. Vincent and the Grenadines Phone Number: Yes
St. Vincent and the Grenadines Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: No (Only branded URL shortening like yourbrand.link is allowed)
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Trinidad and Tobago
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Trinidad and Tobago Phone Number: Yes
Trinidad and Tobago Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Two-way SMS not available
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
Turks and Caicos Islands
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Promotional SMS: Alphanumeric Sender ID (e.g., "YourBrand")
Two-Way Conversations: WhatsApp (You can use your existing number or get a new one from Bird)
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): Yes
Turks and Caicos Islands Phone Number: Yes
Turks and Caicos Islands Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: Yes
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Dynamic sender IDs fully supported
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
US Virgin Islands
Best Messaging Channels by Use Case (Bird's Recommendations)
Transactional SMS: Long Code (Phone Number)
Promotional SMS: Long Code (Phone Number)
Two-Way Conversations: SMS with a two-way long code
Sender Types Supported
Alphanumeric Sender ID (Business names like "Bird" or "Netflix" that send one-way messages): No
US Virgin Islands Phone Number: No
US Virgin Islands Short Code: Yes
International Phone Number: No
Generic Sender ID (Sender IDs that don't clearly identify your brand): No
US 10DLC (US 10-digit long code): Yes
US Toll Free Numbers: Yes
Restrictions
Operator Registration Required: No
Generic URL Shortening: Yes
Quiet Hours/Do Not Disturb: No
Additional Notes: Same USA regulations apply; you can use 10DLC, Toll-Free Numbers, and Short Codes
Opt-out Rules: No specific opt-out regulations
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